How Social Security Defines Disability

To qualify for Social Security Disability benefits (SSDI or SSI), a medical condition must:

• Be expected to last at least 12 months (or result in death)

• Prevent you from performing substantial gainful activity (working at a certain income level)

• Be supported by strong medical evidence

The SSA does not approve benefits simply because someone has been diagnosed with a serious condition. The key factor is whether that condition prevents consistent, full-time work.

The Social Security “Blue Book”

The SSA maintains a listing of impairments — often referred to as the “Blue Book” — which outlines medical criteria for various conditions. If your condition meets or equals one of these listings, you may qualify for benefits.

Common qualifying categories include:

• Musculoskeletal disorders (such as severe back injuries or joint disorders)

• Cardiovascular conditions

• Neurological disorders (including epilepsy or multiple sclerosis)

• Respiratory illnesses

• Autoimmune disorders

• Cancer

• Mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia

However, even if your condition is not specifically listed, you may still qualify if your symptoms and limitations prevent you from working.

Residual Functional Capacity (RFC)

If a condition does not meet a specific listing, the SSA evaluates something called Residual Functional Capacity (RFC). This assessment determines what type of work — if any — you are still able to perform based on your physical or mental limitations.

The SSA may consider:

• Ability to sit, stand, or walk for extended periods

• Ability to lift or carry weight

• Concentration and memory limitations

• Ability to interact appropriately with others

• Reliability and attendance

Thorough medical documentation is critical during this stage.

Medical Evidence Is Key

Strong medical records are one of the most important factors in a successful claim. This includes:

• Consistent treatment history

• Physician notes detailing functional limitations

• Diagnostic testing results

• Specialist evaluations when applicable

Incomplete or inconsistent medical documentation is one of the most common reasons claims are denied.

Every Case Is Unique

No two disability cases are identical. The same diagnosis may affect two individuals very differently. The SSA evaluates how a condition impacts your specific ability to work, not just the name of the condition itself.

Because of this, having organized documentation and a clear presentation of your limitations can significantly affect how a claim is reviewed.

Helping Clients Across Southern Oklahoma

Polly Murphy, P.C. assists individuals throughout Southern Oklahoma with Social Security Disability applications and appeals. By helping clients understand eligibility requirements and ensuring claims are properly supported with medical evidence, the firm works to reduce confusion and improve clarity during the process.

Speak With a Social Security Disability Attorney

If you are unsure whether your medical condition qualifies for Social Security Disability benefits, Polly Murphy, P.C. can help you evaluate your situation and explain your options. Serving clients across Southern Oklahoma, the firm is available to discuss your case and guide you through the next steps.